AFFIRMATIVE (+)
FORMULA
| + / - / ? |
| have / has + been + Ving |
FORM
|
S
|
have / has
|
been |
Ving
|
| I | have | been | working |
| We | have | been | working |
| You | have | been | working |
| They | have | been | working |
| He | has | been | working |
| She | has | been | working |
| It | has | been | working |
Short forms:
have = 've
I have been working = I've been working
has = 's
She has been working = She's been working
NOTE!
" 's " may be used in different situations:
1. 's V3 = has V3 — Present Perfect
E.g. He's worked. = He has worked.
2. 's Ving = is Ving — Present Continuous
E.g. He's working. = He is working.
3. 's V3 = is V3 — Present Simple Passive
E.g. It's done. = It is done.
4. let's = let us
E.g. Let's go. = Let us go.
NEGATIVE (-)
FORMULA
| + / - / ? |
| S + have / has + not + been + Ving |
FORM
|
S
|
have/has
|
not
|
been |
Ving
|
| I | have | not | been | working |
| We | have | not | been | working |
| You | have | not | been | working |
| They | have | not | been | working |
| He | has | not | been | working |
| She | has | not | been | working |
| It | has | not | been | working |
Short forms:
have not = haven't
I have not been working. = I haven't been working.
has not = hasn't
She has not been working. = She hasn't been working.
***
S — Subject of the sentence E.g. I, we, you, they, he, she, it, Mary, John, my friends, etc.
Ving — Verb ending in "-ing" (Present Participle). E.g. writing, going, listening, etc.
Revise how to add "ing" to a verb here.